ABSTRACT
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a pseudohermaphroditism in males characterized by the presence of Müllerian duct derivatives. As PMDS dogs often lack clinical symptoms, a molecular diagnosis is essential to identify the syndrome in these animals. In this study, a new molecular method using DNA mismatch-specific Surveyor nuclease was developed. The Surveyor nuclease assay identified the AMHR2 mutation that produced PMDS in a Miniature Schnauzer as accurately as that obtained by using the conventional method based on restriction digestion. As an alternative to the current molecular diagnostic method, the new method may result in increased accuracy when detecting PMDS.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Male , Diagnosis , Digestion , Disorders of Sex Development , DNA , Methods , Pathology, MolecularABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) has the ability to measure quantitative value and produce maps of mean transit time (MTT), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV). We assessed cerebral hemodynamics by using these parameters and acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge for pre- and post-procedural evaluation in patients with unilateral cerebrovascular stenotic disease. METHODS: Thirty patients underwent pre-procedural PCT with ACZ challenge, and 24 patients (80%) was conducted follow up PCT after angioplasty with same protocol. The mean MTT, CBF, and CBV were measured and compared in both middle cerebral arterial (MCA) territories before and after ACZ challenge. Hemispheric ratio and percent change after ACZ challenge were calculated before and after angioplasty. RESULTS: The mean stenosis rate was 76.6%. Significant increases in MTT (32.6%, p=0.000) and significant decreases in CBF (-14.2%, p=0.000) were found in stenotic side MCA territories. After ACZ challenge, there were significant changes in MTT (37.4%, p=0.000), CBF (-13.1%, p=0.000), and CBV (-10.5%, p=0.001) in pre-procedural perfusion study. However, no significant increases were found in MTT, or decreases in CBF and CBV in post-procedural study. There were no significant changes after ACZ challenge also. In addition, the degrees of these changes (before and after ACZ challenge) were highly correlated with the stenotic degrees in pre-procedural perfusion study. CONCLUSION: PCT with ACZ challenge appears to be a useful tool to assess the cerebral perfusion status especially in patients with unilateral symptomatic stenotic disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acetazolamide , Angioplasty , Blood , Blood Volume , Constriction, Pathologic , Follow-Up Studies , Hemodynamics , PerfusionABSTRACT
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD), Lancefield group C streptococcus, is an animal pathogen which often causes pyogenic infection in domestic animals. Human infection by SDSD has been reported as a cellulitis on the upper arm, but a prosthetic joint infection caused by SDSD after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not yet been reported in the literature demonstrating that its clinical manifestation and management have not been well established. In this case report, we aimed to present a case of SDSD prosthetic joint infection after TKA, which was successfully treated by two-stage re-implantation with an application of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Animals, Domestic , Arm , Arthroplasty , Cellulitis , Joints , Knee , StreptococcusABSTRACT
Ankylosing spondylitis is a rheumatic disease in which mainly the spinal and sacroiliac joints are affected. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis are at significant risk for spinal fracture when exposed to even minor trauma. Most spinal fractures with ankylosing spondylitis occur in the cervical spine, whereas spinal fractures in thoracic or lumbar spine are rare, especially in the lower lumbar spine. Furthermore, neurologic symptoms in cases of lower lumbar spine fracture are rarer than in cases of cervical and thoracic spinal fracture. We have experienced a case of translation injury of the 3rd lumbar vertebra accompanied by incomplete cauda equine syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis and the authors gained good clinical results with surgical treatment. We have reported here on this case and have included a review of the relevant literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cauda Equina , Neurologic Manifestations , Polyradiculopathy , Rheumatic Diseases , Sacroiliac Joint , Spinal Fractures , Spine , Spondylitis, AnkylosingABSTRACT
The Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex (SSSC) is a bony and soft tissue ring comprising the glenoid process, the coracoid process, the coracoclavicular ligaments, the distal clavicle, the acromioclavicular joint, and the acromion. The SSSC maintains a normal stable relationship between the upper extremity and the axial skeleton. High-energy injury, such as traffic accident or a fall, can cause disruption of the SSSC. Single traumatic disruption of the SSSC is common. However, double disruption of the SSSC is infrequent and surgical management is generally necessary. We have experienced a case of triple fracture involving the coracoid process, the acromion, and the distal end of the clavicle. Such disruption of the SSSC has not been previously reported in our country and only one case has been reported in the Western literature; the authors obtained positive clinical results with surgical treatment. We report here on this case and include a review of the relevant literature.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic , Acromioclavicular Joint , Acromion , Clavicle , Ligaments , Shoulder , Skeleton , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
During antigen capture and processing, mature dendritic cells [DC] express large amounts of peptide-MHC complexes and accessory molecules on their surface. DC are antigen-presenting cells that have an important role in tolerance and autoimmunity. The transforming growth factor-beta 1 [TGF-beta1] cytokine has a regulatory role on the immune and non-immune cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of TGF-beta1 on the induction of human leukocyte antigen-G [HLA-G] expression on the DC which is derived from monocyte. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of TGF-beta1 in induction HLA-G expression on the monocyte-derived DC by flowcytometry and then CD4[+] T cell proliferative responses in the presence of DC-treated TGF-[beta1] was studied. Results: The results of this study showed that DC bearing HLA-G down-regulated activation of CD4[+] T cells and production of IL-6 and IL-17 in comparison with control [P<0.05]. Conclusion: It is concluded that TGF-beta1 has an important regulatory role in CD4[+] T cell proliferation by increasing HLA-G on DC and these cells can probably prevent unexpected immune responses in vivo
Subject(s)
Humans , /pharmacology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Dendritic Cells/immunology , B7-2 Antigen/metabolism , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Interleukin-17/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of the greater trochanter reattachment device (GTRD) as firm fixation method for displaced greater trochanter fragment in bipolar hemiarthroplasty for comminuted intertrochanteric femur fracture in elderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2006 to January 2008, 32 patients above 70 years old treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty using the GTRD as fixation method for comminuted intertrochanteric femur fracture with greater trochanter bone fragment displaced above 1 cm. They were followed up for more than one year. Clinically, the postoperative Harris hip score (HHS) and daily activities of life of Johnston et al were evaluated, and radiological, any displacement of greater trocharter bone fragments and/or GTRD. RESULTS: The mean postoperative HHS was 71.6 (range, 53~82) points. In rating the daily activity of life, twenty seven (84.4%) patients` postoperative results were above fair. Two patients (6.3%) had displacement of the greater trochanter bone fragment above 1 cm. One patient had a deep infection, so we removed the bipolar head and inserted antibiotics-loaded cement block instead, and after the infection was controlled, conversion to total hip arthroplasty was done. CONCLUSION: In bipolar hemiarthroplasty for comminuted intertrochanteric femur fracture with displaced greater trochanter bone fragment, GTRD produced satisfactory results and early rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Arthroplasty , Displacement, Psychological , Femur , Head , Hemiarthroplasty , HipABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: C2 laminar screw fixation is considered as an excellent alternative to Magerl's transfacetal approach or Harms construct for the atlantoaxial stabilization. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the feasibility of the new approach to Korean population. We investigated morphometric parameters of the dorsal arch of the C2 to provide the quantitative data for the feasibility of laminar screw fixation. METHODS: One-hundred-and-two patients' cervical computed tomography had been reconstructed and investigated on the anatomical parameters related with C2 laminar screw placement. Sixty patients were male and forty-two patients were female. Measurements included the laminar thickness and slope, spino-laminar angle, and maximal screw length. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 20 to 81 and the mean age was 48.4. Mean laminar thickness was 5.7 mm (+/-1.0) (5.8 mm in male and 5.4 mm in female). Fifty-one patients (50%) had a laminar thickness smaller than 5.5 mm at least unilaterally, therefore the patients were considered as inappropriate candidates for the laminar screw fixation in the smaller side of the laminae. Mean value of maximal length of screw was 33.3 mm (34.3 mm in male and 31.9 mm in female). Mean spino-laminar angle was 43.2degrees and mean slope angle was 32.9degrees. CONCLUSION: Half of patients had inappropriate laminar profiles to accommodate a 3.5 mm screw in at least one side of the axis. The three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction is mandatory for the preoperative assessment for the feasibility of the C2 lamina.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Axis, Cervical VertebraABSTRACT
Regarding the bilateral vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms, treatment strategy remains controversial because there have not been enough cases to reach a conclusion on the best treatment. We present a patient underwent staged microsurgical trapping and endovascular coiling for each dissecting aneurysm of bilateral VA presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The ruptured side was managed by VA trapping procedure without any neurological deficit. Postoperative cerebral angiography revealed patent right PICA without filling of previous right dissecting aneurysm and spontaneous occlusion of the left dissecting aneurysm one month after trapping procedure. However, follow-up angiography revealed recanalization and growing of the left VA dissecting aneurysm one year after the operation. The patient underwent endovascular embolization using GDC for the proximal occlusion of the left VA and postoperative course was uneventful.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aneurysm , Aortic Dissection , Angiography , Cerebral Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Pica , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Vertebral ArteryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Youngdong district for 10 years. METHODS: From Jan. 1997 to Dec. 2006, 732 patients (327 males, 405 females, mean age: 54.8+/-13.1 years) with spontaneous SAH were admitted to our hospital. We reviewed the medical records and radiological findings regarding to the ictus of SAH, location and size of the ruptured aneurysms, Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher grade on admission, personal details such as address, age, and sex, and previous history of medical diseases. RESULTS: In these 732 patients, 672 cases were confirmed as aneurysmal SAH. Among them, 611 patients (262 males, 349 females, mean age: 54.9+/-13.2 years) came from Youngdong district. The average crude annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH for men, women, and both sexes combined in Youngdong district was 7.8+/-1.7, 10.5+/-2.7, and 9.1+/-2.1 per 100,000 population, respectively. Because of the problems related to the observation period and geographical confinement, it was suspected that the representative incidence of aneurysmal SAH in Youngdong district should be made during the later eight years in six coastal regions. Therefore, the average age-adjusted annual incidence for men, women, and both sexes combined was 8.8+/-1.4, 11.2+/-1.3 and 10.0+/-1.0, respectively in the coastal regions of Youngdong district from 1999 to 2006. CONCLUSION: In overall, our results on the incidence of aneurysmal SAH was not very different from previous observations from other studies.